Orderly Self-Assembly of Organic Fluorophores for Sensing and Imaging

Fluorescence imaging utilizing traditional organic fluorophores is extensively applied in both cellular and in vivo studies. However, it faces significant obstacles, such as low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and spurious positive/negative signals, primarily due to the facile diffusion of these fluorophores. To cope with this challenge, orderly self-assembled functionalized organic fluorophores have gained significant attention in the past decades. These fluorophores can create nanoaggregates via a well-ordered self-assembly process, thus prolonging their residency time within cells and in vivo settings. The development of self-assembled-based fluorophores is an emerging field, and as such, in this review, we present a summary of the progress and challenges of self-assembly fluorophores, focusing on their development history, self-assembly mechanisms, and biomedical applications. We hope that the insights provided herein will assist scientists in further developing functionalized organic fluorophores for in situ imaging, sensing, and therapy.     

Ultrathin CuF2-Rich Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Induced by Cation-Tailored Double Electrical Layer toward Durable Sodium Storage

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) seriously affects battery's cycling life, especially for high-capacity anode due to excessive electrolyte decomposition from particle fracture. Herein, we report an ultrathin SEI (3–4 nm) induced by Cu⁺-tailored double electrical layer (EDL) to suppress electrolyte consumption and enhance cycling stability of CuS anode in sodium-ion batteries. Unique EDL with SO₃CF₃-Cu complex absorbing on CuS in NaSO₃CF₃/diglyme electrolyte is demonstrated by in situ surface-enhanced Raman, Cyro-TEM and theoretical calculation, in which SO₃CF₃-Cu could be reduced to CuF₂-rich SEI. Dispersed CuF₂ and F-containing compound can provide good interfacial contact for formation of ultrathin and stable SEI film to minimize electrolyte consumption and reduce activation energy of Na⁺ transport. As a result, the modified CuS delivers high capacity of 402.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 7000 cycles without capacity decay. The insights of SEI construction pave a way for high-stability electrode.     

Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Fluorescence of a Lanthanide Organic Metal Halide Cluster for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications

The achievement of significant photoluminescence (PL) in lanthanide ions (Ln³⁺) has primarily relied on host sensitization, where energy is transferred from the excited host material to the Ln³⁺ ions. However, this luminous mechanism involves only one optical antenna, namely the host material, which limits the accessibility of excitation wavelength-dependent (Ex-De) PL. Consequently, the wider application of Ln³⁺ ions in light-emitting devices is hindered. In this study, we present an organic–inorganic compound, (DMA)₄LnCl₇ (DMA⁺=[CH₃NH₂CH₃]⁺, Ln³⁺=Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺), which serves as an independent host lattice material for efficient Ex-De emission by doping it with trivalent antimony (Sb³⁺). The pristine (DMA)₄LnCl₇ compounds exhibit high luminescence, maintaining the characteristic sharp emission bands of Ln³⁺ and demonstrating a high PL quantum yield of 90–100 %. Upon Sb³⁺ doping, the compound exhibits noticeable Ex-De emission with switchable colors. Through a detailed spectral study, we observe that the prominent energy transfer process observed in traditional host-sensitized systems is absent in these materials. Instead, they exhibit two independent emission centers from Ln³⁺ and Sb³⁺, each displaying distinct features in luminous color and radiative lifetime. These findings open up new possibilities for designing Ex-De emitters based on Ln³⁺ ions.     

An efficient high-speed counter-current chromatography method for the preparative separation of sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. combined with evaluation of the anti-inflammation activity in vitro and molecular docking

Cyperus rotundus L. has been extensively used in ancient medication for the treatment of different disorders worldwide, in which sesquiterpenes are the most representative components. In this study, sesquiterpenes were effectively purified by two-dimensional counter-current chromatography in combination with continuous injection and inner-recycling mode with a solvent system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.2:1:0.2, v/v/v/v). For one-dimension separation, continuous injection mode was used with three times injection and the inner-recycling mode was adopted for the separation of two mixtures for two-dimensional separation. Finally, four sesquiterpenoids, including scariodione ( 1 ), cyperenoic acid ( 2 ), scariodione ( 3 ), and α-cyperone ( 4 ), were obtained with purities over 98%. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to identify their structures. The results from the anti-inflammation effect with zebrafish demonstrated that cyperenoic acid exhibited stronger anti-inflammation activity. Molecular docking results suggested that cyperenoic acid possessed lower binding energies –9.4545 kcal/mol with 1CX2 to form formed hydrogen bond interaction with ARG120. In general, all the obtained findings proved that the strong anti-inflammation capacity of cyperenoic acid can have the potential of being adopted for treating diseases resulting from inflammation.     

催化裂解-冷原子吸收法测定固体生物质中汞含量

为开展汞的污染监测和环境治理,本文以我国能源用散状固体生物质为研究对象,建立了催化裂解-冷原子吸收测定汞含量方法。通过试验确定了样品称样量、分解温度和分解时间,方法线性关系良好,线性系数>0.999,检出限0.045ug/kg,方法重复性符合要求,标准样品汞含量在标准值不确定度内,经过F检验和t检验,催化裂解-冷原子吸收法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法不存在显著性差异。试验结果表明催化裂解-冷原子吸收法测定汞含量具备良好的精密度和准确度,可应用于固体生物质中汞的检测     

Si内标-X射线衍射法定量测定铁矿中Fe3O4、Fe2O3和SiO2

铁矿物相的准确定量对矿物价值评价及选冶工艺研究有重要作用,现有化学法流程复杂效率低,X射线衍射全谱拟合法可溯源性差,结果准确性难以评价和验证。本研究建立了以Si为内标,以Cu靶X射线为辐射光源,步进扫描方式获得衍射谱图,以待测相含量为横坐标,待测相与内标相峰面积比值为纵坐标建立校准曲线,以曲线对铁矿中Fe3O4、Fe2O3和SiO2物相进行定量的方法。试验对制样条件、扫描参数、内标物选择、积分方式、重叠峰校正等进行了优化选择,结果表明,试样全部通过45 μm标准筛,Si内标比例为10%,步进长度0.01°,步进时间30S,选择对Fe3O4（311）、Fe2O3（104）、SiO2（011）和Si（111）的衍射峰进行积分强度计算,可获得最优结果。在选定工作条件下,Fe3O4在1.07～100%范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9953,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.1%～13.2% (n=6),加标回收率99.7 %~114.8 %,检出限(LOD)4.29%;Fe2O3在1.51～100%范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9991,相对标准偏差(RSD)2.8%～10.6% (n=6),加标回收率87.1%~112.2%,检出限(LOD)2.56%;SiO2在0.79～29.72 %范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9957,相对标准偏差(RSD)3.2%～10.3% (n=6),加标回收率86.6%~98.9%,检出限(LOD)0.68%。方法易溯源、准确性易评价和验证,适合开展标准化检测和应用。     

双重Stone代数的主同余关系

给出了双重Stone代数的主同余关系θ(a,b)(a≤b)的等式刻划以及其它的一些性质,由此得到了主同余关系θ(a,b)(a≤b)存在Boo le-补的若干充分条件.     

微波辅助合成Ru(Ⅱ)配合物及其自组装多层膜

运用微波辅助合成技术制备得到对称性钌(Ⅱ)配合物,对该配合物进行了¹H NMR,ESI-MS和TG分析。该钌配合物两端对称的磷酸基团可通过共价键作用组装到纳米铟锡金属氧化物导电玻璃(Indium Tin Oxides,ITO)表面,使ITO表面呈现亲水性。利用锆离子作为桥梁成功组装了钌多层膜,并对该多层膜进行了循环伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry,CV)及紫外-可见吸收光谱法(Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry,UV-Vis)等光电化学分析,实验结果表明层层自组装过程中膜沉积均匀,在0.53V出现可逆的氧化还原峰,在300~600nm的紫外可见区域出现强且宽的吸收峰,表明该钌配合物具有优良的光电性能。     

氮掺杂有序介孔碳-Ni纳米复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以F127为模板剂,Ni Cl2为镍源,尿素为氮源,间苯二酚甲醛原位聚合树脂为碳源,分别采用均相法和两相法制备Ni-NOMC-1,Ni-N-OMC-2纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明,复合材料具有有序介孔结构,Ni以金属微粒形式嵌于碳骨架中,提高了有序介孔碳的石墨化程度。X射线光电子能谱测试(XPS)表明尿素热解后以4种形式存在:sp3杂化与C结合的N原子,吡啶N原子,sp2杂化与C结合的N原子以及quaternary-N原子。Ni-N的共改性改变了碳载体的理化性质,有利于Pt纳米粒子的负载与分散。均相法制备的Ni-N-OMC-1复合材料微波负载Pt后,氧还原极限电流密度为5.32 m A·cm-2,氢氧化电化学活性面积高达138.53 m2·g-1,电化学催化活性优于商业20%Pt/C材料(4.49 m A·cm-2,96.98 m2·g-1)。     

流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐

采用流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐的含量。在优化的试验条件下,氨氮和磷酸盐的线性范围分别为0.25 mg·L-1和0.30 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.42μg·L-1和0.56μg·L-1。氨氮和磷酸盐加标回收率分别在85.0%~103%和86.7%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在0.43%~5.3%和0~4.1%之间。方法用于分析标准物质,测定结果与分光光度法的结果一致。